Thyroid Surgery

## Condition Overview Thyroid surgery treats conditions of the thyroid gland — the butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck that regulates metabolism. Dr Cao performs hemithyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy for nodules, goitres, and thyroid cancer, using meticulous technique to protect the voice nerves and calcium-regulating parathyroid glands. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland in the front of the neck that produces hormones regulating metabolism, growth, and development. Thyroid conditions range from benign nodules and goitres (enlarged thyroid) to thyroid cancer. ### Common conditions treated: - Thyroid nodules (single or multiple) - Multinodular goitre - Thyroid cancer (papillary, follicular, medullary, anaplastic) - Graves' disease (overactive thyroid) - Retrosternal goitre (thyroid extending into the chest) ## Surgical Approach Dr Cao offers a range of surgical approaches tailored to each patient's condition: - **Hemithyroidectomy** — removal of one lobe of the thyroid, typically for benign nodules or small, low-risk cancers - **Total thyroidectomy** — removal of the entire thyroid gland, indicated for large goitres, thyroid cancer, or Graves' disease - **Completion thyroidectomy** — removal of remaining thyroid tissue after a prior hemithyroidectomy when cancer is found - **Central and lateral neck dissection** — removal of lymph nodes when thyroid cancer has spread All procedures are performed with careful attention to preserving the recurrent laryngeal nerves (which control voice) and parathyroid glands (which regulate calcium levels). ## What to Expect ### Before Surgery - A comprehensive assessment including ultrasound, fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA), and blood tests if needed - Discussion of surgical options, risks, and expected outcomes - Referral to an endocrinologist for medical optimisation if required ### During Surgery - Surgery is performed under general anaesthetic - Dr Cao uses meticulous surgical technique with nerve monitoring to protect the voice nerves - Most procedures take 1-3 hours ### Recovery - Most patients stay 1 night in hospital - Return to normal activities within 1-2 weeks - Thyroid hormone levels monitored post-operatively (for total thyroidectomy, lifelong thyroid hormone replacement is needed) - Regular follow-up with ultrasound and blood tests